With freight markets still flat, rates slipping, and fleet investment stalling, proactive procurement and policy awareness remain critical competitive differentiators.
As of October 2025, the freight environment appears calm on the surface: spot rates have softened, contract pricing remains flat, and capacity remains abundant across most modes. But beneath the surface, structural signals are tightening. Class 8 orders were down y/y in September, OEM build rates continue to fall, and EPA 2027 rulemaking remains unresolved. Fleets are deferring investment; aging equipment is becoming a service risk, and regulatory uncertainty is setting up for capacity dislocation once demand normalizes.For shippers, this quiet period represents a strategic window—one that favors those preparing now. The market’s apparent stability is temporary; the shippers who benchmark, negotiate, and hedge early will control cost and capacity when disruption returns.
Use Current Rate Stability to Benchmark and Rebuild Cost Models
October data confirms that spot and contract rates remain near multi-year lows, with little sign of upward pressure. The balance of power remains squarely in shippers’ favor—but this phase should be viewed as an optimization window, not a comfort zone.
Now is the time to:
- Reassess cost-to-serve by lane, mode, and customer mix.
- Rebalance modal strategies to improve resilience and flexibility.
- Renegotiate routing guides while capacity remains loose.
However, signs of future imbalance are emerging. Class 8 build rates have fallen roughly one-quarter from early-year levels, and new orders remain well below replacement thresholds. Fleet reinvestment is stalled; OEM production slots remain open into Q1 2026. When freight volumes recover—or regulatory pressure triggers a prebuy—capacity will tighten rapidly.
Shippers who lock in rates and secure strategic capacity partnerships now will be best positioned when the cycle shifts.
Track Equipment Signals to Stay Ahead of Service Risk
Fleet equipment age continues to climb as investment lags. ACT data shows that replacement demand is not being met, and OEMs are managing through reduced build schedules and smaller orderboards.
Meanwhile:
- Class 8 equipment costs remain up 3–5% y/y due to tariffs and input inflation.
- Reefer and specialized trailers are facing higher compliance and material costs.
- Used truck values remain down ~30% y/y, signaling active de-fleeting and aging fleet profiles.
This gradual aging of assets introduces hidden service risk—including higher breakdown frequency, tighter maintenance cycles, and potential regional coverage gaps. Shippers should take advantage of this window to audit carrier health, fleet age, and emissions readiness, prioritizing partners with modern, well-maintained equipment and stronger balance sheets.
Plan for Policy-Led Volatility in 2026
The EPA 2027 emissions standards remain the industry’s largest unknown. While the compliance date stands, enforcement timing and final specifications are increasingly uncertain. Most fleets are operating under the assumption of a delay or partial rollback, leaving prebuy planning on hold.
Once regulatory clarity arrives—potentially in 2026—a compressed prebuy window could emerge, driving sudden demand spikes across OEMs, components, and financing. This will ripple into equipment availability, lead times, and service reliability, especially in regions with stricter emissions enforcement.
For shippers, this means preparation—not prediction:
- Scorecard carriers on fleet age and compliance readiness.
- Diversify modes to mitigate exposure to over-the-road bottlenecks.
- Build redundancy into high-service lanes and compliance-sensitive regions.
These actions will protect network performance and prevent cost escalation when policy shifts create volatility.
Want to hear more from ACT Research? Tim Denoyer sat down with Jeremy Wolfe from FleetOwner to talk about for-hire trucking's overcapacity problem and it's likely solutions.
For-hire trucking's overcapacity problem—and its eventual solution (4:36 minute watch)
Freight Forecast Report Overview
The monthly 58-page ACT freight forecast provides analysis and forecasts for a broad range of U.S. freight measures, including the Cass Freight Index, Cass Truckload Linehaul Index, and DAT spot and contract rates by trailer type. The service provides monthly, quarterly, and annual predictions for the TL, LTL, and intermodal markets over a two- to three-year time horizon, including capacity, volumes, and rates. The Freight Forecast provides unmatched detail on the freight rate outlook, helping companies across the supply chain plan with greater visibility and less uncertainty.
ACT Research Overview
ACT Research is recognized as the leading publisher of commercial vehicle truck, trailer, and bus industry data, market analysis and forecasts for the North America and China markets. ACT’s analytical services are used by all major North American truck and trailer manufacturers and their suppliers, as well as banking and investment companies. ACT Research is a contributor to the Blue Chip Economic Indicators and a member of the Wall Street Journal Economic Forecast Panel. ACT Research executives have received peer recognition, including election to the Board of Directors of the National Association for Business Economics, appointment as Consulting Economist to the National Private Truck Council, and the Lawrence R. Klein Award for Blue Chip Economic Indicators’ Most Accurate Economic Forecast over a four-year period. ACT Research senior staff members have earned accolades including Chicago Federal Reserve Automotive Outlook Symposium Best Overall Forecast, Wall Street Journal Top Economic Outlook, and USA Today Top 10 Economic Forecasters. More information can be found at www.actresearch.net.
Additional Resources
Truckload spot rates spent three to four weeks up double-digit percentages y/y in late December and early January, and weather remains a near-term risk to truckload capacity, as discussed in the latest release of the Freight Forecast: Rate and Volume OUTLOOK report.
“Most of the jump in spot rates was due to severe weather, but Class 8 orders also rose in December with improved truckload conditions and a degree of clarity for EPA’27 low-NOx regulations. We expect a small equipment capacity contraction in 2026, but one that will likely continue in 2027.
“Growth has been led largely by a narrow segment of the economy, but it has room to broaden out if the looming Supreme Court tariff decision brings tariffs down,” said Tim Denoyer, ACT Research’s Vice President and Senior Analyst. “This would lead to additional broad disinflation, providing more leeway for the Fed to further lower rates, spurring freight-sensitive sectors like housing and durable goods. After destocking in Q4’25, we think the Supreme Court decision on IEEPA tariffs could provide a positive catalyst for freight demand.”
“On the other hand, upholding the tariffs would further extend the recessionary conditions the trucking industry has been contending with for the past four years, by pressing prices up further.
“The average age of a US Class 8 tractor is now 6.3 years old, the highest in more than a decade, which should help usher in a new phase of the truckload cycle,” Denoyer concluded.
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